机械设计基础（第2版）

定　　价：79.8 元

• 作者：陈照强
• 出版时间：2023/9/1
• ISBN：9787121463327
• 出 版 社：电子工业出版社

• 中图法分类：TH122 
• 页码：348
• 版次：01
• 开本：16开

内容简介

本书将机械原理与机械设计的内容结合在一起，并将课程理论和实践内容有机地融合，突出知识的应用性，强化系统设计观念，强调设计技能的培养。本书所选内容和设计实例适合普通高等院校应用型人才培养的需要。 本书系统地阐述了机械中的各种常用机构、零部件的结构设计与工作原理及设计方法。全书共14章，内容包括绪论、平面机构的结构分析、平面连杆机构、凸轮机构与间歇运动机构、齿轮机构和齿轮传动、轮系、机械运转速度波动的调节与平衡、零件的连接、挠性传动、轴和联轴器、轴承、其他零部件、机械传动系统设计与实践、机械设计中的计算机辅助设计及实践。 本书可作为高等院校"机械设计基础”课程的教材，对研究生、高职院校学生及相关的工程技术人员也有很好的参考价值。

作者介绍

陈照强教授，齐鲁工业大学机械工程学院专职教师，长期从事机械工程领域的智能高效加工技术与装备、先进陶瓷刀具设计与制造、微纳制造技术的研究工作。

目 录

目 录
第1 章 绪论 ·················································································································.1
1.1 机械设计的有关概念 ······························································································.1
1.2 本课程研究的内容、性质和任务 ···············································································.4
1.2.1 本课程研究的内容 ························································································.4
1.2.2 本课程的性质 ······························································································.4
1.2.3 本课程的任务 ······························································································.4
1.3 机械设计的基本要求和机械零件的设计准则 ································································.4
1.3.1 机械设计的基本要求 ·····················································································.4
1.3.2 机械零件的设计准则 ·····················································································.5
1.3.3 机械零件的结构工艺性 ··················································································.8
1.4 机械设计的一般程序 ······························································································.8
1.5 机械零件常用材料及热处理 ·····················································································.9
1.5.1 金属材料 ····································································································.9
1.5.2 非金属材料 ································································································.11
1.5.3 钢件的热处理 ·····························································································.11
1.6 金属材料加工方法及其精度和表面粗糙度 ··································································.13
1.6.1 常用机床及其使用 ·······················································································.13
1.6.2 机械加工方法能够达到的尺寸精度和表面粗糙度 ················································.13
1.7 机械零件设计的标准化 ··························································································.14
1.8 机械设备中的润滑油及润滑简介 ··············································································.15
1.8.1 润滑油的命名方法 ·······················································································.15
1.8.2 润滑油的主要规格指标 ·················································································.16
1.8.3 润滑脂的构成及指标 ····················································································.16
1.8.4 添加剂 ······································································································.17
1.8.5 齿轮传动中的润滑 ·······················································································.18
思考题 ·····················································································································.18
第2 章 平面机构的结构分析 ························································································.19
2.1 平面机构的组成 ···································································································.20
2.2 平面机构运动简图 ································································································.21
2.2.1 构件的分类 ································································································.21
2.2.2 运动副及构件的表示方法 ··············································································.22
2.2.3 平面机构运动简图的绘制 ··············································································.23
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机械设计基础（第2版）
2.3 平面机构的自由度 ································································································.25
2.3.1 平面机构自由度的计算公式 ···········································································.25
2.3.2 机构具有确定运动的条件 ··············································································.25
2.3.3 计算平面机构自由度时的注意事项 ··································································.26
2.4 构件和运动副的结构 ·····························································································.29
2.4.1 构件的结构 ································································································.29
2.4.2 转动副的结构 ·····························································································.30
2.4.3 移动副的结构 ·····························································································.31
思考题 ·····················································································································.33
习题 ························································································································.33
第3 章 平面连杆机构 ··································································································.35
3.1 平面四杆机构的基本形式及其演化 ···········································································.36
3.1.1 平面四杆机构的基本形式 ··············································································.36
3.1.2 铰链四杆机构的演化 ····················································································.40
3.2 铰链四杆机构曲柄存在的条件 ·················································································.44
3.3 四杆机构的传动特性 ·····························································································.45
3.3.1 急回运动特性 ·····························································································.45
3.3.2 压力角与传动角 ··························································································.47
3.3.3 机构的死点位置 ··························································································.47
3.4 平面四杆机构的设计 ·····························································································.49
3.4.1 平面四杆机构设计的基本问题 ········································································.49
3.4.2 按连杆的给定位置设计铰链四杆机构 ·······························································.49
3.4.3 按给定两个连架杆对应位置设计平面四杆机构 ···················································.50
3.4.4 按给定的行程速度变化系数K 设计平面四杆机构 ···············································.52
3.4.5 按预定的轨迹设计——利用连杆曲线图谱设计平面四杆机构 ·································.54
3.5 连杆机构的工程应用案例 ·······················································································.55
思考题 ·····················································································································.57
习题 ························································································································.58
第4 章 凸轮机构与间歇运动机构 ·················································································.60
4.1 凸轮机构的类型和应用 ··························································································.61
4.2 从动件的常用运动规律 ··························································································.63
4.3 凸轮机构的传力性能分析 ·······················································································.66
4.3.1 压力角与作用力的关系 ·················································································.67
4.3.2 压力角与凸轮机构尺寸的关系 ········································································.67
4.4 平面凸轮轮廓曲线设计 ··························································································.68
4.4.1 图解法设计直动从动件盘形凸轮轮廓曲线 ·························································.69
4.4.2 图解法设计摆动从动件盘形凸轮轮廓曲线 ·························································.72
4.4.3 解析法设计凸轮轮廓曲线 ··············································································.73
4.5 凸轮与从动件端部的结构设计 ·················································································.73
4.6 间歇运动机构 ······································································································.75
4.6.1 棘轮机构 ···································································································.75
4.6.2 槽轮机构 ···································································································.77
4.6.3 不完全齿轮机构 ··························································································.78
4.6.4 凸轮间歇运动机构 ·······················································································.78
4.7 凸轮机构工程应用示例 ··························································································.79
思考题 ·····················································································································.80
习题 ························································································································.80
第5 章 齿轮机构和齿轮传动 ························································································.82
5.1 齿轮机构的特点和分类 ··························································································.83
5.1.1 齿轮机构的特点 ··························································································.83
5.1.2 齿轮机构的分类 ··························································································.83
5.2 齿廓啮合基本定律与齿轮的齿廓曲线 ········································································.84
5.2.1 齿廓实现定角速比传动的条件 ········································································.84
5.2.2 渐开线齿廓 ································································································.85
5.3 渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮的基本参数 ··············································································.87
5.3.1 渐开线标准直齿圆柱齿轮的各部分名称 ····························································.87
5.3.2 渐开线齿轮的基本参数 ·················································································.88
5.3.3 渐开线标准直齿圆柱齿轮的几何尺寸计算 ·························································.89
5.4 渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮的啮合传动 ··············································································.89
5.4.1 齿轮传动的正确啮合条件 ··············································································.89
5.4.2 标准齿轮传动的正确安装条件 ········································································.90
5.4.3 连续传动条件 ·····························································································.91
5.5 渐开线齿轮的加工方法 ··························································································.91
5.5.1 仿形法 ······································································································.92
5.5.2 范成法（展成法） ·······················································································.92
5.6 根切、最少齿数及变位齿轮 ····················································································.93
5.6.1 根切与最少齿数 ··························································································.93
5.6.2 变位齿轮 ···································································································.94
5.7 齿轮的失效形式和设计准则 ····················································································.96
5.7.1 轮齿的失效形式 ··························································································.96
5.7.2 设计准则 ···································································································.98
5.8 齿轮材料和精度等级 ·····························································································.99
5.8.1 齿轮材料 ···································································································.99
5.8.2 齿轮的精度等级 ························································································.101
5.9 直齿圆柱齿轮传动的设计计算 ···············································································.102
5.9.1 轮齿上的作用力 ························································································.102
5.9.2 计算载荷 ·································································································.103
5.9.3 标准直齿圆柱齿轮的齿根弯曲疲劳强度计算 ····················································.104
5.9.4 标准直齿圆柱齿轮的齿面接触疲劳强度设计计算 ··············································.106
5.9.5 圆柱齿轮的参数对齿轮传动的影响 ································································.108
5.10 斜齿圆柱齿轮传动 ····························································································.111
5.10.1 斜齿圆柱齿轮齿廓的形成和特点 ·································································.111
5.10.2 斜齿圆柱齿轮的主要参数和几何尺寸 ···························································.112
5.10.3 平行轴斜齿圆柱齿轮传动的重合度 ······························································.114
5.10.4 平行轴斜齿圆柱齿轮传动的当量齿轮和当量齿数 ············································.114
5.10.5 平行轴渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮的受力分析 ························································.115
5.10.6 斜齿圆柱齿轮的强度计算 ··········································································.116
5.11 直齿圆锥齿轮传动 ····························································································.116
5.12 齿轮的结构设计、润滑和传动效率 ·······································································.118
5.12.1 齿轮结构与轴的连接 ················································································.118
5.12.2 齿轮的润滑 ····························································································.121
5.12.3 齿轮的传动效率 ······················································································.121
5.13 蜗杆传动 ········································································································.122
5.13.1 蜗杆传动的类型、特点和应用 ····································································.122
5.13.2 圆柱蜗杆传动的主要参数 ··········································································.123
5.13.3 圆柱蜗杆传动的几何尺寸计算 ····································································.126
5.13.4 蜗杆和蜗轮的结构 ···················································································.127
5.13.5 圆柱蜗杆传动设计考虑的主要问题 ······························································.128
5.14 齿轮传动应用示例 ····························································································.129
思考题 ···················································································································.132
习题 ······················································································································.132
第6 章 轮系 ··············································································································.135
6.1 轮系的分类 ·······································································································.135
6.1.1 定轴轮系 ·································································································.135
6.1.2 周转轮系 ·································································································.136
6.1.3 复合轮系 ·································································································.137
6.2 定轴轮系及其传动比 ···························································································.138
6.2.1 输入轴与输出轴转向关系的确定 ···································································.138
6.2.2 定轴轮系的传动比计算 ···············································································.139
6.2.3 定轴轮系的传动比计算例题分析 ···································································.140
6.3 周转轮系及其传动比 ···························································································.141
6.3.1 周转轮系传动比计算的基本思想 ···································································.142
6.3.2 周转轮系的传动比计算例题分析 ···································································.143
6.4 复合轮系及其传动比 ···························································································.145
6.4.1 复合轮系传动比的计算方法 ·········································································.145
6.4.2 复合轮系的传动比计算例题分析 ···································································.145
6.5 轮系的应用 ·······································································································.146
6.5.1 实现大传动比或较远距离的传动 ···································································.146
6.5.2 实现变速与换向传动 ··················································································.147
6.5.3 实现结构紧凑条件下的大功率传动 ································································.148
6.5.4 实现运动的合成与分解 ···············································································.149
6.5.5 实现多分路传动 ························································································.149
6.6 几种特殊的行星轮传动简介 ··················································································.150
6.6.1 渐开线少齿差行星轮传动 ············································································.150
6.6.2 摆线行星轮传动 ························································································.150
6.6.3 谐波齿轮传动 ···························································································.151
6.7 轮系的研究现状及其发展 ·····················································································.151
6.8 轮系的应用示例 ·································································································.152
习题 ······················································································································.152
第7 章 机械运转速度波动的调节与平衡 ····································································.156
7.1 机械运转速度波动调节的目的与方法 ······································································.156
7.1.1 周期性速度波动及其调节 ············································································.157
7.1.2 非周期性速度波动及其调节 ·········································································.158
7.2 机械的平衡 ·······································································································.159
7.2.1 机械平衡的目的和分类 ···············································································.159
7.2.2 刚性回转件的平衡 ·····················································································.160
7.2.3 刚性回转件的平衡试验 ···············································································.163
思考题 ···················································································································.165
习题 ······················································································································.166
第8 章 零件的连接 ····································································································.167
8.1 概述 ················································································································.168
8.1.1 螺纹的形成原理 ························································································.169
8.1.2 螺纹的类型 ······························································································.169
8.1.3 螺纹的参数 ······························································································.170
8.1.4 常用螺纹的特点及应用 ···············································································.171
8.2 螺旋副的受力分析、特性及其应用 ·········································································.172
8.2.1 螺旋副的受力分析 ·····················································································.172
8.2.2 螺旋副特性分析及其应用 ············································································.174
8.3 螺纹连接类型和螺纹连接件 ··················································································.175
8.3.1 螺纹连接的类型 ························································································.175
8.3.2 螺纹连接件的类型 ·····················································································.177
8.4 螺纹连接的预紧和防松 ························································································.178
8.4.1 螺纹连接的预紧 ························································································.178
8.4.2 螺纹连接的防松 ························································································.179
8.5 螺纹连接的强度计算 ···························································································.181
8.5.1 螺栓的失效形式和设计准则 ·········································································.181
8.5.2 松螺栓连接 ······························································································.182
8.5.3 紧螺栓连接 ······························································································.183
8.5.4 螺栓组连接的结构设计简介 ·········································································.186
8.6 螺纹连接件的材料和许用应力 ···············································································.187
8.6.1 螺纹连接件的材料 ·····················································································.187
8.6.2 螺纹连接件的许用应力 ···············································································.187
8.7 提高螺纹连接强度的措施 ·····················································································.189
8.7.1 降低影响螺栓疲劳强度的应力幅 ···································································.189
8.7.2 改善螺纹牙间的载荷分布 ············································································.190
8.7.3 减小应力集中的影响 ··················································································.191
8.7.4 避免或减小附加应力 ··················································································.191
8.8 键连接 ·············································································································.192
8.8.1 平键连接 ·································································································.192
8.8.2 半圆键连接 ······························································································.194
8.8.3 楔键和切向键连接 ·····················································································.195
8.8.4 平键连接的设计计算 ··················································································.196
8.8.5 花键连接 ·································································································.196
8.8.6 销连接 ····································································································.197
8.9 连接应用示例 ····································································································.199
思考题 ···················································································································.199
习题 ······················································································································.200
第9 章 挠性传动 ·······································································································.202
9.1 挠性传动概述 ····································································································.202
9.1.1 对挠性传动的认识 ·····················································································.202
9.1.2 带传动的分类及特点 ··················································································.204
9.1.3 链传动的特点 ···························································································.204
9.2 带传动概述 ·······································································································.204
9.3 普通带传动的工作性能分析 ··················································································.205
9.3.1 带传动中的力分析 ·····················································································.205
9.3.2 传动带的应力分析 ·····················································································.208
9.3.3 带传动的弹性滑动现象及其影响 ···································································.209
9.4 V 带传动机构设计 ······························································································.210
9.4.1 带传动中的几何尺寸关系 ············································································.210
9.4.2 V 带的构造、规格及标准 ············································································.211
9.4.3 V 带轮的材料和结构 ··················································································.212
9.4.4 V 带传动机构设计准则与设计公式的推导 ·······················································.215
9.4.5 带传动机构设计步骤及参数选择 ···································································.218
9.5 传动带的张紧、安装与维护 ··················································································.223
9.5.1 传动带的张紧 ···························································································.223
9.5.2 传动带的安装与维护 ··················································································.224
9.6 同步齿形带和高速带传动简介 ···············································································.225
9.6.1 同步齿形带传动简介 ··················································································.225
9.6.2 高速带传动简介 ························································································.225
9.7 链传动 ·············································································································.225
9.7.1 链与链轮的结构与规格 ···············································································.226
9.7.2 链轮 ·······································································································.227
9.7.3 链传动的运动特性分析与受力分析 ································································.229
9.7.4 滚子链传动机构的设计计算 ·········································································.231
9.7.5 链传动机构的布置、张紧、润滑和防护 ··························································.236
9.8 挠性传动的历史、现状及发展趋势简介 ···································································.237
9.8.1 带传动历史、现状及发展趋势简介 ································································.237
9.8.2 链传动历史、现状及发展趋势简介 ································································.238
9.9 挠性传动应用示例 ······························································································.238
思考题 ···················································································································.239
习题 ······················································································································.240
第10 章 轴和联轴器 ··································································································.241
10.1 轴概述 ···········································································································.242
10.1.1 轴的功用及类型 ······················································································.242
10.1.2 轴的设计准则和设计步骤 ··········································································.242
10.1.3 轴的材料 ·······························································································.243
10.2 轴的结构设计 ··································································································.243
10.2.1 拟定轴上零件的装配方案 ··········································································.244
10.2.2 轴上零件的定位和固定 ·············································································.244
10.2.3 各轴段直径和长度的确定 ··········································································.246
10.2.4 提高轴强度和刚度的措施 ··········································································.247
10.3 轴的计算 ········································································································.248
10.3.1 轴的强度校验计算 ···················································································.248
10.3.2 轴的刚度校验计算 ···················································································.250
10.3.3 轴的设计实例 ·························································································.250
10.4 联轴器 ···········································································································.255
10.4.1 固定式刚性联轴器 ···················································································.256
10.4.2 移动式刚性联轴器 ···················································································.256
10.4.3 联轴器的选择 ·························································································.257
思考题 ···················································································································.259
习题 ······················································································································.259
第11 章 轴承 ·············································································································.261
11.1 滚动轴承的基本结构和特点 ················································································.262
11.1.1 滚动轴承的基本结构和特点分析 ·································································.263
11.1.2 滚动轴承的材料 ······················································································.265
11.1.3 滚动轴承的主要类型、性能和特点 ······························································.265
11.1.4 滚动轴承的代号 ······················································································.267
11.1.5 滚动轴承类型的选择 ················································································.269
11.2 滚动轴承的工作情况 ·························································································.270
11.2.1 滚动轴承的工作情况分析 ··········································································.270
11.2.2 滚动轴承的失效形式 ················································································.271
11.2.3 滚动轴承的设计准则 ················································································.271
11.3 滚动轴承的基本概念及其预期寿命计算 ·································································.271
11.3.1 滚动轴承的基本额定寿命 ··········································································.271
11.3.2 滚动轴承的基本额定动载荷 ·······································································.272
11.3.3 滚动轴承的当量动载荷 ·············································································.272
11.3.4 滚动轴承的预期寿命计算 ··········································································.274
11.3.5 向心推力轴承的受力分析及轴向载荷a F 的计算 ··············································.275
11.3.6 轴承寿命计算综合例题 ·············································································.278
11.4 滚动轴承的静载荷计算 ······················································································.280
11.5 滚动轴承的组合设计 ·························································································.281
11.5.1 滚动轴承的结构 ······················································································.281
11.5.2 滚动轴承的轴向固定 ················································································.282
11.5.3 滚动轴承间隙和轴上零件位置的调整 ···························································.283
11.5.4 滚动轴承的配合 ······················································································.284
11.5.5 滚动轴承的润滑 ······················································································.285
11.5.6 滚动轴承的密封 ······················································································.286
11.6 滑动轴承简介 ··································································································.287
11.6.1 滑动轴承的结构形式 ················································································.287
11.6.2 滑动轴承的材料 ······················································································.289
11.6.3 滑动轴承润滑剂的选择 ·············································································.289
11.6.4 滑动轴承的设计计算简介 ··········································································.290
11.7 轴承产业的发展及新型轴承 ················································································.292
思考题 ···················································································································.292
习题 ······················································································································.292
第12 章 其他零部件 ··································································································.294
12.1 弹簧概述 ········································································································.294
12.1.1 圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧 ···················································································.295
12.1.2 圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧 ···················································································.295
12.1.3 弹簧的材料 ····························································································.296
12.2 圆柱螺旋弹簧的设计计算 ···················································································.296
12.2.1 几何参数计算 ·························································································.296
12.2.2 弹簧的特性曲线 ······················································································.297
12.2.3 圆柱螺旋弹簧受载时的应力及变形 ······························································.297
12.3 弹簧的应用及技术发展 ······················································································.299
12.3.1 弹簧的应用 ····························································································.299
12.3.2 弹簧的技术发展 ······················································································.299
12.4 机座和箱体 ·····································································································.300
12.4.1 机座和箱体的一般类型 ·············································································.300
12.4.2 机座和箱体的材料及制法 ··········································································.301
12.4.3 机座和箱体的截面形状 ·············································································.302
12.4.4 肋板布置 ·······························································································.302
12.4.5 机座和箱体的设计注意事项 ·······································································.303
思考题 ···················································································································.303
第13 章 机械传动系统设计与实践 ·············································································.305
13.1 传动机构中原动机的选择 ···················································································.305
13.2 常用机械传动的类型、主要特性及其选择原则 ························································.306
13.3 机械传动系统方案的设计、表达和实例 ·································································.308
13.3.1 机械传动系统方案的设计 ··········································································.308
13.3.2 机械传动系统方案的表达 ··········································································.310
13.3.3 机械传动系统方案设计实例 ·······································································.310
13.4 机械传动系统的运动和动力参数的计算 ·································································.312
13.5 机械传动系统方案的创新设计 ·············································································.313
13.6 机械传动系统中的减速器及其发展趋势 ·································································.317
13.6.1 减速器 ··································································································.317
13.6.2 齿轮减速电动机 ······················································································.318
13.6.3 减速器的发展趋势 ···················································································.319
13.7 装配图与零件图的表达示例 ················································································.320
13.7.1 装配图的表达与示例 ················································································.320
13.7.2 零件图的表达与示例 ················································································.320
思考题与分析题 ·······································································································.321
第14 章 机械设计中的计算机辅助设计及实践 ···························································.325
14.1 计算机辅助设计简介 ·························································································.325
14.1.1 计算机辅助设计技术在机械设计中的应用 ·····················································.325
14.1.2 计算机辅助设计技术的发展趋势 ·································································.326
14.2 三维CAD 软件在机械设计中的应用 ·····································································.326
14.3 基于二次开发的计算机辅助设计 ··········································································.327
14.4 有限元分析法在机械设计中的应用 ·······································································.329
14.4.1 有限元分析法简介 ···················································································.329
14.4.2 基于ANSYS Workbench 的仿真应用案例 ······················································.329
14.5 机械优化设计简介 ····························································································.330
14.5.1 机械优化设计的概念与应用 ·······································································.330
14.5.2 机械优化设计的一般过程 ··········································································.331
14.5.3 机械优化设计的发展趋势 ··········································································.332
参考文献 ······················································································································.333